How Physiotherapy Can Aid in Recovery from Concussions
Concussions, a type of mild traumatic brain injury, can happen to anyone—from athletes and children to individuals in everyday activities. Recovery from a concussion is crucial, as symptoms can linger and impact quality of life if not properly managed. Many are surprised to learn that physiotherapy can be highly effective in aiding recovery from a concussion, offering treatments that go beyond simple rest and address a wide range of symptoms, from headaches and dizziness to neck pain and balance issues.
What Happens in a Concussion?
A concussion occurs when the brain moves rapidly within the skull due to an impact, blow, or sudden jolt. This movement disrupts brain function and can cause symptoms that may range from mild to severe, including:
Headaches
Dizziness and balance problems
Nausea
Sensitivity to light and sound
Difficulty concentrating
Fatigue and sleep disturbances
While some concussions resolve with rest, others may lead to ongoing symptoms, known as post-concussion syndrome. This is where physiotherapy can play a crucial role in facilitating a comprehensive and targeted recovery.
How Physiotherapy Supports Concussion Recovery
Physiotherapy treatment for concussion is tailored to each individual’s unique symptoms and recovery needs. Here are some key ways physiotherapy can support a safe and effective recovery:
1. Vestibular Rehabilitation for Dizziness and Balance Issues
Dizziness and balance problems are common concussion symptoms, resulting from disruptions in the vestibular system, which controls balance and spatial orientation. Vestibular rehabilitation is a specialised form of physiotherapy aimed at retraining this system.
This therapy may include:
Gaze stabilisation exercises to help with visual focus.
Balance exercises to improve stability and coordination.
Head movement exercises that desensitise the body to certain motions and reduce dizziness.
These exercises help retrain the brain to process balance signals correctly, reducing dizziness and instability over time.
2. Cervical (Neck) Therapy for Pain and Mobility
After a concussion, neck pain and stiffness are common due to whiplash or other strains. Cervical therapy focuses on relieving pain and improving neck mobility, which can also have positive effects on headache reduction. Physiotherapists use techniques like:
Manual therapy to reduce stiffness and improve range of motion.
Stretching exercises to alleviate muscle tension.
Strengthening exercises for neck muscles to support posture and prevent strain.
By addressing neck issues, cervical therapy not only reduces pain but also targets a common source of headaches associated with concussions.
3. Headache Management Techniques
Headaches are among the most debilitating symptoms of a concussion, and they often stem from both physical and neurological changes. Physiotherapy can help manage headaches through:
Trigger point therapy to relieve tension in muscles around the head, neck, and shoulders.
Posture correction to reduce strain on the upper back and neck.
Exercise programs to build strength and improve circulation, which may reduce headache frequency and intensity.
Some physiotherapists may also work with patients on relaxation and breathing techniques, which can alleviate headache symptoms associated with stress and tension.
4. Gradual Return to Physical Activity
Engaging in physical activity too soon can exacerbate concussion symptoms, but avoiding it entirely for too long can also be detrimental. Physiotherapists guide patients through a structured, gradual return-to-activity protocol to ensure that exercise reintroduction is safe and does not worsen symptoms.
This process typically involves:
Monitoring symptoms and adjusting activities based on response.
Low-impact exercises like walking or stationary cycling to build endurance.
Slow progression of physical demands to help the brain and body readjust without overload.
With guidance, individuals can safely rebuild fitness and return to their normal routines without risking further injury.
5. Cognitive and Visual Rehabilitation for Focus and Coordination
Concussions can affect cognitive functions such as memory, focus, and processing speed. Visual symptoms, such as double vision and difficulty with visual focus, are also common. Some physiotherapists work closely with neuro-optometrists and other specialists to address these cognitive and visual challenges through:
Eye-tracking exercises to improve visual focus and reduce eye strain.
Coordination tasks that challenge the brain to process information efficiently.
Cognitive exercises that gradually increase in difficulty to build concentration and mental stamina.
This approach addresses symptoms that may not be immediately visible but can significantly impact daily life.
The Importance of Early Intervention
It’s essential to address concussion symptoms promptly. Research shows that early intervention with physiotherapy can help speed up recovery and reduce the risk of post-concussion syndrome, where symptoms persist for months or even years. By taking a proactive approach, physiotherapy can empower individuals to regain control over their health and return to their normal activities with confidence.
Final Thoughts: A Safe Path to Recovery
Physiotherapy offers a targeted and supportive approach to concussion recovery, addressing a variety of symptoms beyond simple rest. By focusing on balance, neck mobility, headache management, gradual activity, and cognitive rehabilitation, physiotherapy provides a comprehensive recovery plan for individuals affected by concussion.
If you or someone you know has experienced a concussion, consider consulting a physiotherapist experienced in concussion management. With the right support, recovery can be safe, effective, and tailored to meet each person’s unique needs.
